【Linux系列教程】yum工具管理rpm软件
一、yum工具介绍
- 优势
- yum源配置文件
- 事先存在合适的yum源配置文件
- 说明RPM软件安装的存放位置
- yum源类型
- yum源配置文件存放位置
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd
替换centos的base源（华为、阿里、网易)
[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
二、配置本地源安装软件
1、备份自带的HTTP源
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
bak
2、编写本地源
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/centos7.repo
[centos7]
name=centos7
baseurl=file:///opt/software
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/software
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /opt/software
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
3、清除旧的yum缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: centos7
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 145 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
4、查看可用yum源
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
centos7 | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): centos7/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): centos7/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
centos7 centos7 10,019
repolist: 10,019
5、测试安装软件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install lrzsz
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q lrzsz
lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php vsftpd
三、配置FTP源安装ceph-deploy软件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/ceph.repo
[ceph]
name=ceph
baseurl=ftp://10.11.0.254/software/ceph-mimic/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning repos: centos7 ceph
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
Other repos take up 145 M of disk space (use --verbose for details)
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
centos7 | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
ceph | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): centos7/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/3): centos7/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/3): ceph/primary_db | 755 kB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
centos7 centos7 10,019
ceph ceph 266
repolist: 10,285
[root@localhost ~]# yum install ceph-deploy
四、配置HTTP源安装openstack-keystone软件
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/openstack.repo
[openstack]
name=openstack
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.9.2009/cloud/x86_64/openstack-queens/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
centos7 | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
ceph | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
openstack | 3.0 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): centos7/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): centos7/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): ceph/primary_db | 755 kB 00:00:00
(4/4): openstack/primary_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:31
repo id repo name status
centos7 centos7 10,019
ceph ceph 266
openstack openstack 3,116
repolist: 13,401
[root@localhost ~]# yum install openstack-keystone
五、yum缓存、制作yum仓库
1、yum缓存功能
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever
keepcache=1
[root@localhost ~]# find /var/cache/yum/ -name "*.rpm" -exec cp {} /openstack/ \;
2、制作yum仓库
# createrepo 目录名称
六、yum常用功能
1、安装软件
# yum install 软件名称 软件名称
2、卸载软件
# yum remove 软件名称 软件名称
3、更新软件
# yum update 软件名称 软件名称
4、清除yum缓存
# yum clean all
5、查看可用的yum源
# yum repolist
6、查询文件对应的软件
# yum provides 文件名称
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